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MLOSINT: Classifying Vehicle Losses in Ukraine
Kanát, Antonín ; Špelda, Petr (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
This thesis explores the potential of applying machine learning (ML) to assist with open source intelligence (OSINT) analysis. As the shared input of both disciplines, data is the primary lens through which the topic is examined. To understand the entire process of deploying an ML model from data collection to analysis, an image classifier of Russian vehicle losses in the invasion of Ukraine was trained and tested. Trained on a dataset of over 50,000 labelled images from the WarSpotting database, the classifier achieved a decent accuracy of 79% on evaluation data on the five most populous categories of images. On testing data from a later period, the performance dropped to 62%. One explanation offered is that the static frontlines and the prominence of drones led to most of the recent imagery being aerial, while the training data was captured mainly from the ground. That result demonstrated how inevitable changes, even in seemingly well-curated data, can lead to the low performance of ML models in deployment. Beyond changes on the battlefield, deeper data issues came to light, including the cascading effects of early data management decisions and dataset imbalance. Overall, current image classification methods do not work well on the noisy data available.
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Důsledky rusko-ukrajinské krize pro energetickou bezpečnost Evropské unie
Hrdlička, Vít
The thesis examines the energy security of the European Union in the context of the 2014 Russia-Ukraine crisis, which escalated in February 2022 with the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The thesis analyses, in the form of a case study, the impact of this invasion on the EU's energy security, as the Russian Federation supplies significant amounts of fossil fuels to the EU countries. As a result of the invasion, the share of natural gas and oil supplies from Russia to the EU has decreased and the prices of these raw materials have increased. In this context, the EU has started to look at new suppliers from the Middle East and has strengthened cooperation with existing suppliers such as Norway and the United States. In addition, the EU has issued energy-related sanctions packages and introduced the REPowerEU plan, which has led to a strengthening of the EU's energy security and a reduction in dependence on fossil fuel imports from Russia.
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Stress management strategies for dealing with distance adoption from Covid-19 to the war in Ukraine
Malenová, Hana ; Kolářová, Marta (advisor) ; Ulrichová, Monika (referee)
The diploma thesis focuses on the stress management strategy issue while dealing with child sponsorship from Covid-19 until the war in Ukraine. The work goal is to describe and analyse the effects of the pandemic Covid-19 and the war in Ukraine for child sponsorship and to find out the stress management strategy of the Centrum Narovinu staff while dealing with the child sponsorship. The theoretical part defines the stress and stress relief strategy (coping) concept; child sponsorship with a specific supported country description - Kenya. It also defines the term of Covid-19 and the war in Ukraine with its impact on the Czech Republic and Kenya. The practical part deals with qualitative research with respondents which has interviews form. The diploma thesis focuses on respondents' sample who work in the Centrum Narovinu, i.e., in an organization dealing with child sponsorship. The result of the research gives an interpretation of the child sponsorship impact and stress management strategies of the Centrum Narovinu staff from Covid-19 until the war in Ukraine. The collected data can help to support developing countries and boost stress management abilities among workers who help in these countries. Keywords Stress, stress management strategies, child sponsorship, pandemic, Covid-19, war in Ukraine.
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Analysis of the Depiction of Ukrainian Women in The First Months after the Russian Invasion of Ukraine
Vlčková, Tereza ; Pavlík, Petr (advisor) ; Gheorghiev, Olga (referee)
This diploma thesis regards the media construction of the portrayal of Ukrainian women in the context of the war in Ukraine. From the very beginning, the war was heavily covered by media, and gendered stereotypes began to manifest itself in the early days. In the theoretical part, therefore, the work deals with the construction of gender roles in war conflicts and sexualized violence, as well as the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The methodological part then presents research methods. These are quantitative content analysis, which aims to find out which topics are most often associated with Ukrainian women. The sources for quantitative analysis are articles from serious and tabloid online servers that contain selected keywords. From the sample are for critical discursive analysis selected articles with typical and also with deviating framing. The aim of the research is to map what framing of texts and setting of the agenda are the media using to portray the situation of Ukrainian women and what ideological structures this news framing has. Another research question is how the construction of masculinity and femininity in a war context is reflected in individual articles.
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Impact of Market Uncertainty on Stock-Bond Return Relation
Rulíšek, Filip ; Čech, František (advisor) ; Teleu, Saida (referee)
In this thesis, we investigate the relationship between stock and bond returns in the US market from January 2018 to May 2023, with a specific focus on the impact of market uncertainty on this relation. Employing the rolling window cor- relation method, we examine the dynamic correlation between these two assets, using the S&P 500 Index and the US 10-Year Treasury Price Index. The results show, on average, a negative correlation on both monthly and quarterly basis. On a monthly basis we also observed highly fluctuating patterns. Additionally, the findings presented herein demonstrate that both the level and changes in stock market uncertainty, measured by the CBOE Volatility Index, negatively affect the relationship between stock and bond returns. On average, during times of increas- ing market uncertainty, investors tend to shift their funds from risky stocks toward safer bonds, while periods of low market uncertainty are usually characterized by the opposite trend. We carried out the same analysis for 11 stock market sec- tors separately. Interestingly, this analysis revealed that the relationship between the returns of these sectors and government bond returns varies. While the ma- jority of sectors exhibit the same negative correlation as the overall market, few sectors, such as Utilities and...
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Visual framing of the war in Ukraine
Zítko, Tomáš ; Lábová, Sandra (advisor) ; Géla, František (referee)
The thesis "Visual Framing of the War in Ukraine" examines how Czech and foreign newspapers construct the media image of this conflict in published photographs. The theoretical focus of the thesis is mainly on framing theory and its visual dimension, agenda setting and peace journalism, using this normative direction as a starting point for the frames analysed in the practical part of the thesis. The analysis combines quantitative and qualitative approaches The aim of the quantitative part of the analysis was to fill in the previously missing data on the visual framing of the war in Ukraine by Czech and foreign media. Furthermore, it focused on the development of the frequency of photographic coverage of the analysed conflict and the identification of the roles of actors appearing in the images. The qualitative part attempted to explore the findings of the quantitative part in more depth by analysing a selected part of the images depicting the identified frames.
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Ukraine War Through the Eyes of Czech Reporters
Levíčková, Žaneta ; Osvaldová, Barbora (advisor) ; Just, Petr (referee)
The bachelor's thesis deals with war reporting from the war in Ukraine and its specifics through the eyes of Czech reporters who were present in the country themselves. The objective is to look at the work of journalists in this armed conflict from their viewpoint because they are the most knowledgeable on the topic and they deal with war reporting long-term and comprehensively. Based on the data obtained, the work aims to clarify what obstacles the reporters encountered during reporting and what caused them. The research - semi-structured in-depth interviews - was analyzed using the grounded theory method. In the form of interviews, the insights of six reporters who reported on the war in the period of February- August 2022 are put into context. At the end of the work, the main obstacles that journalists encountered while reporting on this war are stated, as well as the proposal of possible solutions of how they can be eliminated in the future.
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Cute Cats on a Rescue Mission: An Obituary to YouTube in Russia?
Polheim, Annemarie Elisabeth ; Kolenovská, Daniela (advisor) ; Svoboda, Karel (referee)
Bibliographic note POLHEIM, Annemarie. 2022. Cute Cats on a Resue Mission: An Obituary to YouTube in Russia? 67 p. Master thesis. Charles University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of International Studies. Supervisor Mgr. Daniela Kolenovská, Ph.D. Abstract Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine has accelerated internet regulation and cutbacks on free expression in Russia. YouTube is one of the most established hybrid media platforms and an important source of information in the country. It is likely that the platform may be banned by Roskomnadzor at any time, as it blocks Russian state channels. The aim of this thesis is to outline the characteristics of the Russian YouTube landscape and to contribute to the understanding of current transformations of the Russian media system. Two datasets of YouTube channel networks, retrieved on January 6 and March 14, 2022, are analysed and compared. The data consists of YouTube channels of the Russian political spectrum and surrounding channels, as well as their links to each other (subscriptions, recommendations). A significant increase in the English-language clusters and the Russian-language educational cluster between January and March, and a decrease in the Russian-language entertainment and political clusters was observed. The findings, however, did not allow a...
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